Ericsson India Technical Interview Question Bank continued from Part-1
Q. What is communication?
Ans: Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another. It is done through wire or wireless.
Q. What is the difference between telecommunication, analog and digital communication.
Ans: Telecommunication means the exchange of information by electronic or electrical means over a significant distance. In telecommunications, data is transmitted in the form of electrical signals known as carrier waves, which are modulated into analog or digital signals for transmitting information.
The primary difference between analog and digital communication is of “continuous time” and “discrete time”. Analog signal is a continuous signal while digital signals are discrete time signals. Analog signal processing can be done in real time and consumes less bandwidth while there is no guarantee that digital processing can be done in real time and consumes more bandwidth to carry out the same information.
Q. What do you mean by topology?
Ans: The way in which the connections are made between nodes is called the topology.
Q. What are different kinds of network topology? Which is better?
Ans: The common topologies are:
- Bus
- Star
- Ring
- Mesh
Every network has different needs but while considering reliability star topology is best since it it is fully connected.
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Q. What do you mean by line of sight?
Ans: Line of sight (LoS) is a type of propagation that can transmit and receive data only when transmitter and receiver are in view of each other (straight line generally) without any sort of an obstacle between them.
Q. What is the shape of cell in mobile communication?
Ans: Hexagonal (since for a given area, among square, triangle and hexagon, radius of a hexagon will be the maximum)
Q. Why cell is not circular?
Ans: Because it will cause overlapping of cells.
Q. What is handoff?
Ans: It is a process of transferring an active call or data session from one cell in a cellular network to another or from one channel in a cell to another.
Q. What do you mean by call drop?
Ans: Basically cellphone towers cover areas/zones using cell. Cell is the basic unit which is hexagonal in shape. Now when the device moves from one zone to another the call will drop since the distance between the tower and mobile phone increases and thus decreasing the signal strength. So to avoid dropping, it requires handoff.
Q. What is the difference between TCP and UDP. Which is better?
Ans: TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. It is a connection-oriented protocol. UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol and is a connectionless protocol. UDP is faster because there is no error-checking for packets. TCP have Flow and Error Control while UDP does not support flow control. TCP uses acknowledgement packets while UDP lacks it. TCP include the concept of handshaking while UDP does not. TCP is more reliable than UDP.
Q. Which is better IPV4 or IPV6?
Ans: IPV6 is better. As it provides significantly larger address space and has also built in support for multicast transmission. In case of IPv4, data packages have an upper size limit of 64 kB (kilobytes), while with IPv6 this may be extended up to 4GB (gigabytes), which increases the transmission rate. Also for security purpose, IPV6 protocol has IPsec support (authentication and encryption) which is optional in IPV4.
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Q. What are the different protocols which we use in flow and error control?
Ans: For noisy channel the protocols are:
- Stop and wait ARQ
- Go-Back-N ARQ
- Selective Repeat ARQ.
Q. If you are in front of a client and the client is unhappy because his/her task was not finished on due date, while it was not your duty to complete it rather it was the duty of one of your colleague. How will you handle the situation?
Ans: Answer yourself.
Q. What are the new advancements nowadays?
Ans: As for now, in communication technology the trends are: 5G, Virtualization, SDN, NFV, Cognitive Network, Big Data,etc.